conference presentation given January 15, 2011 in Marseille (Full text in preparation for future publication)
scientific truths, myth or reality?
From uniformity caused human dimensions formalism artificialisation social sciences to the rebirth of mankind is man?
By Nicolas
Madelenat di Florio
From the Society of Literary History of France.
Research Associate at
Centre for Research in Economic Ethics,
Université Paul Cézanne.
I'm certainly too hard, but we live in a universe all intellectual more conformist that he believes hold a sort of monopoly of conformism. That the waiver of any real self-criticism. You spend your time to push open doors literally for centuries.
René Girard, Things Hidden since the foundation of the world , Book I, Chapter I, fundamental Anthropology.
Anyone interested in the fate of human societies, their development, their progress, can not ignore the part of science. Since the very ancient times, man sought to understand its environment, then got lost in seeking to dominate; Observer he wanted to be God, and God became destructive of its own species. However, analysis of the relation of man to Science is interesting. But in the time devoted to this conference, it would not be possible to give an overall view of the multiple relationships, complex and interwoven between the individual mind, group, groups, society, and research / sharing scientific. I shall therefore endeavor to present the basic question, namely scientific truths, myth or reality ? Indeed, for quite a few centuries, science has come crowned human thought of its aura of accuracy, operating a clear division between what is scientific, and regarded as true, and what is not, considered approximate or not worthwhile. Science and the scientific community has made a labeling of Truth, a kind of intellectual orthodoxy. But who knows the history of ideas knows how science began, in antiquity, everything was as observations, and the first philosophers were also the first mathematicians, the first physicists, mathematicians and astrologers first (to develop these ideas, please refer to the excellent compilation of texts available in Pleiades, The Presocratics ). These great minds have worked throughout their lives, so that the minds of men rises above the material, dominated by the understanding. Then comes the period of the experiment, and the rise of experimental science, the arts and mystical practices of initiation, it is also the case of alchemy. But the pride of man watching and not enough understanding. He wanted to create. One day he decided to defy nature, from the copy, to direct the man and his strange temperament, wanted to be God. More hesitating he captured the fire and the fire of knowledge burns the natural land yet, but here it is like Prometheus struck by the censure, the punishment of pride being none other than the error. To embrace, in a moment of reflection, all the mechanics of the universe, here he is forced to generate its own folly: the hypothesis. It is through that evil happens. And the greatest authors to say that science can not be exact, it does, by its formalism (the development equation and assumptions which researcher even knows they are based on a repetition of errors voluntary) nothing else that the elements originally instilled in the experiment. However, everything tends to be directed by mathematics, human relations in the most unpredictable phenomena. Social science, hitherto untouched by excessive scientism, are gradually forced to formalization; departing researcher specializing in human affairs, here is the social scientist turned into a bad statistician. Philosophy, economics, sociology, everything seems to yield to the pressure, reducing, formalization. Fortunately, some researchers contend that even the basic science, there is a living, unique, irreplaceable, and that the primary role of the scientist does not want to submit the matter but, more modestly, attempting to understanding some aspects.
Prima maximum shared : Science and Hypothesis.
"We must first ask ourselves how we could have had the idea to go into the same framework as impenetrable worlds each other. "
Poincare The Value of Science .
The first part of this paper will therefore look to the value of the hypothesis. Indeed, and given the fact that the hypothesis can not be accepted otherwise than as a simplification of the truth for including the fundamental differences between people by confining them to a standard profile reproducible and applicable to a majority, say that of his interest in the quest for truth that should guide any research?
Secunda shared maxima : Contemplation and Truth.
"We want reality but what is reality? Physiologists learn that organisms are composed of cells, the chemists add that the cells themselves are made of atoms. Does this mean that these atoms or that these cells constitute reality, or at least the only reality? How these cells are arranged and where the resulting unity of the individual, is it not as a reality, many more interesting than isolated elements, and a naturalist, who had never studied the elephant through a microscope, would think it enough to know this animal? "
Poincare The Value of Science .
The second part of this communication, meanwhile, tend to demonstrate the value of observation and its value, often overlooked in favor of equations, it will address the role of contemplation in early thinkers and mystics first then apply these methods to the social sciences "Modern."
Synthesis.
"But it does not happen in philosophy, and philosophers until brought him malleable theory, modeled on the dual experience of inside and outside, which science would have needed, it was natural that the scientist would accept from the hands of the old metaphysics, made doctrine, built from scratch, which agreed best with the rule of method he had found it advantageous to follow. He also had no choice. The only specific hypothesis that metaphysics the last three centuries has left us on this point is precisely that a strict parallelism between soul and body, the soul expressing certain states of the body or the body expressing the soul, or soul and body are two translations in different languages, an original that is neither one nor the other: in all three cases, the brain exactly equivalent to the mind. (...) No, this hypothesis was naturally derived from general principles of a metaphysic that was designed in large part at least, to give substance to the hopes of modern physics. (...) Hence the idea of representing the entire material universe, organized and unorganized, like a huge machine, subject to mathematical laws. "
Bergson The spiritual energy.
The third and final part of this paper synthesizes the two previous games and open reflection, inviting the public to participate (15 minutes)
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